The problem-solving process, which is an aspect of all human activity, plays a pivotal role at school—especially secondary school. In daily life, there are many situations that require various problem-solving strategies. Whether we have to weigh the issues raised by certain situations, to choose from among a range of possibilities that are not all equally viable or to make informed decisions, the ability to handle these situations rationally is always an asset. Problem solving is not a linear process that can be reduced to the simple application of an algorithm. One must begin by defining the problem or recognizing the

elements that define it in a given situation. Typically it is

by trial and error, exploring various possible solutions,

testing hypotheses, starting over and reformulating the problem that one constructs a satisfactory solution— which does not mean that it is the only possible solution.

Such a process can take many forms, if only because of the many different contexts in which it is carried out. Solving a mathematical problem is not the same as solving a problem concerning everyday life. And yet, beyond the specific strategies involved, they do have something in common: both entail exploring many possibilities, being open to new alternatives, making use of various resources and reflecting on the approach used.

Focus of the Competency

By dealing with a wide variety of situational problems, students will discover that there may be more than one way to solve a problem, that some solutions are more effective than others and that context and resources often determine which solutions are most appropriate. It is therefore important for teachers of all subjects to set their students relatively complex problems and to take advantage of opportunities for problem solving that may arise during activities not originally intended as problemsolving activities. The school should provide students with situational problems that correspond to their level, and either help them become aware of their own resources or give them access to the resources they need. It should also encourage them to persevere in their efforts to solve problems and to regulate their own procedures, while allowing them to make errors.